清末东北边境支配政策和珲春副都统 : 以珲春副都统的构成与职能为中心
청말 동북 변경의 지배 체제 정비와 훈춘부도통:훈춘부도통의 구성와 기능을 중심으로
- 주제(키워드) 도움말 清末 , 东北边境 , 珲春 , 珲春副都统衙门
- 발행기관 서강대학교 일반대학원
- 지도교수 전인갑
- 발행년도 2016
- 학위수여년월 2016. 2
- 학위명 석사
- 학과 및 전공 일반대학원 사학과
- 실제URI http://www.dcollection.net/handler/sogang/000000058815
- 본문언어 중국어
- 저작권 서강대학교 논문은 저작권보호를 받습니다.
초록/요약
八旗是清朝用来巩固满洲族统治的军事支柱。清朝入关至康熙年间，基本在全国各地建立起驻防区。清初开始，清政府实行的是“旗民分治”的政策，即八旗驻防管理部门，只管理旗人，同时在各地设府，厅，州，县，来管理汉人和其他民族。但在柳条边外的吉林和黑龙江地区，因清政府的封禁政策，汉人很少，所以吉林地区只在西部设置3个厅来管理民事，而吉林东部地区直至清朝末年一直实行的是单一化的“军府制”，即“旗民一体化”的管理模式。 晚清时期，清政府的软弱无能，与俄罗斯签订瑷珲条约和北京条约，清政府丧失乌苏里江以东的大片土地，加之中日甲午战争中的失利，日本开始由朝鲜进而侵略中国东北地区.清政府为维持对东北的统治，终于意识到对东北地区特别是边境地区开垦的重要性，于是清政府不得不废除封禁，积极实行“移民实边”政策。也不得不在政治，经济，军事等许多方面采取相应措施。随着移民实边的逐渐展开，人口迅速增长。原来在东北设置的八旗驻防布局已经不能适应新的周边局势的需要。于是光绪年间，在东北增设了副都统。珲春协领即是在光绪7年正式升个为副都统的。 副都统衙门是清政府在东北地区设置的驻防八旗管理机构之一，副都统作为仅次于将军的八旗长官，执行着和将军相似的权利。珲春副都统衙门作为八旗驻防部门的同时也是管理珲春地区民事、司法、旗务的地方行政机构，享有比较大的自由权。自光绪七年（1881）清政府正式在珲春设置副都统衙门，至东北新政实施，宣统元年（1909）珲春副都统衙门被裁撤为止，珲春副都统衙门虽然只存在了短短数十年，但是这一时期正是沙俄、日本等帝国主义列强侵略、蚕食我国东北领土的紧要关头，珲春副都统衙门的设置对巩固东北边防，抵御外敌入侵，开发边疆，促进珲春地区的经济文化发展做出了重要的贡献。珲春副都统设立期间修葺珲春城，组织流民和越境民对荒地开垦，发展对外贸易，成立医药局，邮局等，又成立书院培养通晓俄语等的外交人才，铺设电线，开电报局等都极大的促进了珲春的发展。本文主要通过对珲春副都统衙门设立的始末，内部各机构的沿革，人员构成，衙署设置，地方行政的变化，珲春副都统辖区内发展及珲春副都统衙门的设置以及珲春管辖区域内，各机构组织的职能的变化和执行情况进行研究，能使我们更具体的了解清末边疆发展的真实情况，也可以更直观更具体的了解清末东北边境地区发展的形势和光绪年间清政府对东北边境地区的统治整备情况。
more초록/요약
During the Qing dynasty’s two hundred years, the eight banners has played a important role. In the Qing dynasty the northeast of China has an important governance mode that was different from the mainland. In the northeast of China, only has homogenized eight banners administration. Eight banners was military units, as well as administrative units. Bannermen soldiers farm in peacetime and fight in wartime. Study Eight Banners garrison model in the northeast in the Qing dynasty has a great reference value and significance to study the Qing dynasty military in China. Hunchun-Fudutong-Yamen is one of eight banners management organization that Qing government set up in the Northeast, but also the management of Hunchun area of civil, judicial, banners works of local administrative bodies. Since Guangxu seven years (1881) this eight banners management organization of Qing government set up in Hunchun, to Xuantong first year (1909) the government implemented the Northeast “New Deal”, Hunchun-Fudutong-Yamen be abolished. Hunchun-Fudutong-Yamen exists only for short decades, but this time was also a crucial time because Russia, Japan and other imperialist powers has invaded in northeast of China. Hunchun-Fudutong-Yamen has resisted the foreign invasion, promoted economic and cultural development in border areas. Hunchun-Fudutong-Yamen has made important contributions in the late Qing Dynasty. This paper tries to analysis the establishment background, management system, functions of Hunchun-Fudutong-Yamen, and agricultural development, economic development and other aspects in the area. It can help us to understand the governance system and development situation of the northeast border areas of the late Qing Dynasty.
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