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Phospholipid Nanostructure Conjugated Protein Nanoparticles with Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity

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1. Introduction
1.1. Background 1
1.2 Limitations of Current Therapies 4
1.3. Biocompatibility and Translational Potential of pLN-NPs 9
1.4 Purpose and Significance of This Study 14
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Synthesis of a Protein-Based NPs 18
2.2. Synthesis of a Phospholipid-Based liposome and Fabrication of pLN-NPs 18
2.3. Electron Microscopic Analysis of pLN-NPs 21
2.4. Bacterial Strain and Culture Conditions 21
2.5. Bacterial Susceptibility Assay 21
2.6. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) Analysis of pLN-NPs-Treated V. vulnificus Biofilm 22
2.7. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Analysis of Biofilm Structure 23
2.8. Crystal Violet Assay for Biofilm Quantification 24
2.9. Statistical analysis 24
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization of pLN-NPs 25
3.2. Antibacterial Activity of pLN-NPs against V. vulnificus 29
3.3. Biofilm Removal Effect of pLN-NPs Assessed by Crystal Violet Assay 32
3.4. Penetration and Disruption of Biofilm Matrix by pLN-NPs 34
3.5. Bacterial Killing within Biofilm Revealed by PI Staining 37
3.6. Structural Disruption of V. vulnificus Biofilms Observed by FE-SEM 40
4. Conclusion 43
5. References 46

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