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WRINKLED4-mediated suberin synthesis contributes to seed dormancy and is essential for seedling establishment under water-deficit stress

초록 (요약문)

종자 휴면(seed dormancy)과 유묘 정착(seedling establishment)은 식물의 생존에 필수적인 과정으로, 불리한 환경에서의 조기 발아를 방지하고 초기 생장을 지원한다. 종피(seed coat)과 뿌리 내피(root endodermis)에 침착되는 소수성 고분자인 수베린(suberin)은 씨앗 껍질의 투과성을 조절하고 수분 및 이온의 손실을 제한하는 데 기여한다. 본 연구에서는 WRINKLED4 (WRI4) 전사인자가 종필과 뿌리 내피에서 수베린 생합성을 조절하여, 종자 휴면을 유지하고 염분 및 삼투 스트레스 하에서 발아와 유묘 정착을 강화함을 밝혔다. 불완전 발아 조건하에서, wri4 종자는 야생형에 비해 빠른 발아형태를 보여주었다. wri4-1 및 wri4-3 돌연변이체는 야생형에 비해 종피의 자가형광 감소, 테트라졸륨 염색 증가, 뿌리 수베린화(root suberization)의 결함을 나타냈다. 또한, wri4 씨앗과 뿌리에서는 ω-하이드록시 지방산(ω-hydroxy fatty acids) 및 1,ω-디카르복실산(1,ω-dicarboxylic acids)을 포함한 수베린 모노머 함량과 다수의 수베린 생합성 관련 유전자들의 발현 수준이 유의하게 감소하였다. 전사활성화(transactivation), 크로마틴 면역침강(ChIP), 전기이동 이동성 변화 분석(EMSA)을 통해 WRI4가 KCS1, KCS2, KCS6, CYP86A1 및 CYP86B1 유전자의 프로모터 영역에 직접 결합하여 발현을 유도함을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 WRI4에 의한 수베린 생합성이 종자 휴면 유지 및 수분 결핍 스트레스로부터 씨앗과 유묘를 보호하는 데 필수적임을 보여준다.

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초록 (요약문)

Seed dormancy and seedling establishment are critical for plant survival, preventing early germination under unfavorable conditions and supporting early development. Suberin, a hydrophobic biopolymer deposited in the seed coat and the root endodermis contributes to regulating seed coat permeability and limiting water loss and uncontrolled leakage of ions. Here, I reveal that the WRI4 positively regulates suberin biosynthesis in seed coats and root endodermis, maintains seed dormancy, and enhances seed germination and seedling establishment under salt and osmotic stresses. Under suboptimal germination condition, wri4 seeds exhibited precocious germination compared to the wild type. The wri4-1 and wri4-3 mutants exhibited reduced seed coat autofluorescence, increased tetrazolium uptake, and compromised root suberization. The levels of suberin monomers, including ω-hydroxy fatty acids and 1, ω-dicarboxylic acids and the expression of several suberin-biosynthetic genes were significantly reduced in the wri4 seeds and roots relative to the wild type. Transactivation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that the expressions of KCS1, KCS2, KCS6, CYP86A1, and CYP86B1 were upregulated by direct binding of WRI4 to their promoter regions. These results provide that WRI4-mediated suberin biosynthesis is crucial for ensuring seed dormancy and protecting seeds and seedlings from water-deficit stress.

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목차

CONTENTSⅰ i
CONTENTS ⅰ
LIST OF FIGURES iii
LIST OF TABLES iv
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS v
INTRODUCTION 1
MATERIALS AND METHODS 9
Plant materials 9
Total RNA isolation and RT-qPCR analysis. 9
GUS expression analysis 10
eYFP expression analysis 11
Seed coat characterization 11
Fluorol yellow staining 12
Suberin analysis 13
Transactivation assay 14
Chromatic immunoprecipitation assay 15
Electrophoretic mobility shift assay 16
Seed dormancy assay 17
Seed germination and seedling establishment assay 17
RESULTS 23
WRI4 is expressed in the seed coat and roots of Arabidopsis thaliana and contributes to
seed dormancy 23
Disruption of WRI4 leads to decreased suberization in Arabidopsis seed coats and root
endodermis 28
The levels of suberin monomers were reduced in wri4 seeds and roots relative to the
wild type 32
The expression of suberin biosynthetic genes was reduced in wri4 seed coats and roots
relative to the wild type 39
WRI4 upregulates the expression of suberin-biosynthetic genes by direct binding to
their promoter regions 43
wri4 mutants exhibit reduced seed germination and seedling establishment under salt
and osmotic stress conditions 47
WRI4 is involved in enhancement of root suberization under ABA-treated and water-
deficit conditions 50
DISCUSSION 52
REFERENCES 60
ABSTRACT 68

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