Co-mix and Deforume : Hybrid Art Form and Post-9/11 Trauma in Art Spiegelman’s In the Shadow of No Towers
- 주제어 (키워드) comix , post-9/11 trauma , Holocaust , American patriotism , al-Qaeda , media censorship , 코믹스 , 9·11 이후 트라우마 , 홀로코스트 , 미국 애국주의 , 알카에다 , 언론 검열
- 발행기관 서강대학교 일반대학원
- 지도교수 황은주
- 발행년도 2025
- 학위수여년월 2025. 8
- 학위명 석사
- 학과 및 전공 일반대학원 영어영문학과
- 실제 URI http://www.dcollection.net/handler/sogang/000000082011
- UCI I804:11029-000000082011
- 본문언어 영어
- 저작권 서강대학교 논문은 저작권 보호를 받습니다.
초록 (요약문)
This thesis examines the contrasting visual juxtapositions between character illustrations in Art Spiegelman’s comix In the Shadows of No Towers (2004). Interweaving the intergenerational trauma of the Holocaust with his own post-9/11 trauma, Spiegelman visualizes his fear of censorship, stigmatization, and enforced conformity. From this work, I focus on how Spiegelman parodies old comic strips to problematize al-Qaeda’s and the Bush administration’s shared propagandistic narratives before and after 9/11 that justified the attacks or the attendant violations of human rights. Drawing on Judith Butler’s notion of the “defaced face” and its unrepresentability, this thesis demonstrates how Spiegelman crafts the characters with contrasting styles of deforume (i.e., differing levels of stylistically distorting character illustrations) to critique the hypocrisies in the propaganda. As examples, I analyze deforume of the old comic characters and his autobiographical character, as well as the depiction of his family and neighbors who also experienced the aftermath of 9/11. To this end, this thesis ultimately argues that, through deforume, Spiegelman ultimately unravels the danger of the totalizing narratives that reduce individuals to ideological collectives.
more목차
Introduction. Comix and Deforume: Visualizing Traumatized Memories 1
I. Comix: Co-existence of Different Graphic Styles 1
II. Characters from the Past: Visualizing Traumatized Experiences of 9/11 8
III. Deforume: Comic Technique that Plays with Fictionality and Authenticity 17
IV. Characters “Equally Terrorized” by al-Qaeda and the Bush Administration 28
Chapter I. “What I Actually Saw”: Al-Qaeda in the Post-9/11 Traumatic Memory in In the Shadow of No Towers 31
I. Symbolic Meaning of the Tower Twins: al-Qaeda’s Rage upon American Imperialism 36
II. Intervening al-Qeada’s Lens: Re-capturing the 9/11 Attacks through Deforume 46
Chapter II. Interweaving Post-9/11 Trauma and Intergenerational Trauma of the Holocaust in In the Shadow of No Towers 56
I. Transition to Hooligan: Dissenters Turned into the “Evil Other” 62
II. Transition to a Mouse: Trauma, Erased Individuality, and State Power 75
III. Connection between Hooligan and a Mouse: Homeless Against Fantasy of Homeland Security 80
Conclusion 90
Works Cited 100
