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Paper-Chip Platform Integrating EWOD and AC Electroluminescence for Bilirubin Detection

초록 (요약문)

Over the past few years, voltage-operated electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) technology has gained significant attention for various applications, including digital microfluidic devices. Specifically, paper-based EWOD devices, which utilize conductive patterns fabricated via printing, offer advantages such as low cost and ease of fabrication. However, despite substantial advancements in droplet manipulation and mixing through surface-coated hydrophobic layers, sensing techniques for analyzing these samples remain underdeveloped. Spectrophotometry, a classic method for chemical analysis of liquids, faces challenges in integrating light-emitting devices onto paper substrates. In this study, we present a novel paper-based platform that integrates EWOD with an alternating current electroluminescence (ACEL) panel, enabling droplet manipulation and optical sensing on a single substrate. The ACEL panel retained over 90% of its luminescence after 8 hours of operation and demonstrated excellent durability under repeated bending cycles, showcasing its robustness and flexibility. To overcome the height difference between the EWOD and ACEL regions, a slope and silicone oil lubricant were employed, ensuring smooth and precise droplet transport. The platform's analytical performance was validated through bilirubin quantification using the in-situ formation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The paper-chip platform exhibited high accuracy, achieving a calibration curve with an R² value of 0.9724, highlighting its potential for point-of-care diagnostic applications.

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목차

1. Introduction 1
2. Experimental details 4
2.1. Materials and reagents 4
2.2. Fabrication of paper-based EWOD-ACEL device 5
2.3. Colorimetric assay of bilirubin based on in-situ formation of AuNPs 8
3. Results and discussion 9
3.1. Characterization of ACEL panel 9
3.2. Integration of EWOD and ACEL 13
3.3. Application: Quantification of Bilirubin Using In-Situ Formation of Gold Nanoparticles on the Integrated Paper-Chip Platform 15
4. Conclusion 18
5. References 19

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