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Development of Paper-Based Analytical Devices for Enhancing Rapid Detection Technologies

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Chapter 1. Literature Review of Paper-based Analytical Devices for Rapid Detection 1
Abstract 1
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Type of paper substrates 4
1.2.1 Cellulose-based paper 4
1.2.2 Nitrocellulose membrane 7
1.3 Liquid transfer principle in paper-like materials 9
1.4 Types of paper-based analytical devices 10
1.5 State-of-the-art, challenges, and outlook in the development of paper-based analytical devices 12
1.6 Conclusions and Perspectives 13
Chapter 2. From Pregnancy to Pathogens: Boosting Lateral Flow Assays Sensitivity with a Hydrogel Reaction Trap 14
Abstract 14
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 Experimental Method 17
2.2.1 Material 17
2.2.2 Preparation of PEGDA Hydrogel Solution 18
2.2.3 Fabrication of Hydrogel-coated LFAs 19
2.2.4 Flow Rate Characteristics Evaluation 20
2.2.5 Hydrogel-coated LFAs in Sandwich Immunoassay 21
2.2.6 Hydrogel-coated LFAs in Competitive Immunoassay 21
2.2.7 The Application of Hydrogel-coated LFAs in Commercial Test Strips 22
2.2.8 Statistical Analysis 24
2.3 Results and Discussions 24
2.3.1 Design and Mechanism of Hydrogel-coated LFAs 24
2.3.2 Properties of Hydrogel-coated LFAs 26
2.3.3 Performance of Hydrogel-coated LFAs in Sandwich Immunoassay 30
2.3.4 Performance of Hydrogel-coated LFAs in Competitive Immunoassay 32
2.3.5 Performance of Hydrogel-coated LFAs in Different Kind of Commercial Kits 34
2.4 Conclusion and Perspectives 38
Chapter 3. Development of Portable PCR and Origami Paper-Based DNA Sensor for On-Site Detection of Blue-Green Algae 40
Abstract 40
3.1 Introduction 41
3.2 Experimental Method 43
3.2.1 Material 43
3.2.2 Portable PCR device (referred as "Bio-PCR") 43
3.2.3 Qualitative analysis of BG Algae by PCR and gel electrophoresis 44
3.2.4 Fabrication of the origami paper-based (oPAD) DNA sensor 45
3.2.5 Fluorescence detection proof-of-concept 45
3.2.6 Analysis of BG Algae with oPAD DNA sensor 46
3.3 Results and Discussions 47
3.3.1 Bio-PCR device 47
3.3.2 Fluorescence-based strand displacement detection concept 50
3.3.3 BG Algae detection with oPAD DNA sensor 53
3.4 Conclusion 55
References 57

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