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Development of Optically Transparent Transducers for Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Image

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Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background: Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging 1
1.1.1 Ultrasound 1
1.1.2 Photoacoustic 4
1.2 Photoacoustic Microscopy 7
1.2.1 Optical Resolution Photoacoustic Microscopy 8
1.2.2 Acoustic Resolution Photoacoustic Microscopy 8
1.3 Thesis Motivation 9
1.4 Thesis Organization 10
Chapter 2 Introduction to Transparent Ultrasound Transducer 12
2.1 Introduction to Ultrasound Transducers 12
2.2 Transparent Ultrasound Transducer 16
2.2.1 Piezoelectric Element-Based Ultrasound Transducers. 17
2.2.2 Conclusion 24
Chapter 3 Optically transparent focused transducers for acoustic-resolution photoacoustic microscopy 28
3.1 Introduction 29
3.2 Design of Ultrasound Transducers 30
3.2.1 Design and Modeling Methods 30
3.2.2 Design of transparent ultrasound transducer 33
3.2.3 Finite Element Model Simulation Results 35
3.3 Fabrication of Transparent Ultrasound Transducer 36
3.3.1 Fabrication of Transparent Ultrasound Transducer 36
3.3.2 Light Energy Attenuation 37
3.4 Performance Evaluations 40
3.4.1 Pulse-Echo Response 40
3.4.2 Electrical Impedance 41
3.4.3 Beam Profile Experiments 41
3.4.4 Imaging Performance Evaluation 42
3.4.5 Spatial Resolution Experiments 44
3.4.6 In vitro Experiments 45
3.4.7 In vivo Experiment 48
3.5 Conclusion 51
Chapter 4 Optically Transparent Transducer with high frequency and new transparent electrodes 53
4.1 Thesis Motivation 54
4.2 New transparent Electrode 58
4.2.1 Ultrathin gold 58
4.2.2 Light Energy Attenuation 60
4.3 Design of Transparent Ultrasound Transducer 61
4.3.1 TUT frequency selection 61
4.3.2 Design of Transparent Acoustic Lens 62
4.3.3 Finite Element Model Simulation Results 64
4.4 Fabrication of Transparent Ultrasound Transducer 64
4.4.1 Manufacturing method of transparent ultrasound transducer 64
4.4.2 Light Energy Attenuation 67
4.5 Performance Evaluations 69
4.5.1 Pulse-Echo Response 69
4.5.2 Electrical Impedance 70
4.5.3 Imaging Performance Evaluation 70
4.5.4 Photoacoustic and Laser induced Ultrasound 71
4.5.5 Spatial Resolution Experiments 75
4.5.6 In vitro Experiments 76
4.5.7 In vivo Experiment 80
4.6 Conclusion 82
Chapter 5 Summary and Further Works 85
Bibliography 88

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