서강대학교

초록 (요약문)

Biohybrid robot has attracted the attention a lot recently in the industrial robotics and biomedical application. Up to now, several biohybrid robots have been developed using the contraction and relaxation of muscle cells induced by spontaneous movement or electrical/optical muscle stimulation. These methods require external electrodes for direct electrical stimulation to cells or genetic manipulation for producing optogenetic muscle cells responsive to light stimulation. However, the above-mentioned muscle contraction for biohybrid robots is difficult to mimic the human motor system. Compared to the biohybrid robots using external stimulation directly to muscle cells, in the case of the human motor system, electrophysiological signals received from the central nervous system (CNS) are transmitted to motor neurons for inducing the muscle movement. To overcome this limitation for development of the biohybrid robot, following studies were performed to develop nanobiohybrid robot composed of brain organoid, motor neuron spheroid, and muscle bundle to mimic the human motor system. First, to evaluate the drug effect of neurodegenerative disease, autonomic reflexes-biohybrid robot was fabricated. Besides, using the multi-motor neuron spheroid with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and Au-Ni-Au nanorods, the brain organoid and muscle bundle were connected. In addition, Au coated magnetic nanoparticle-incorporated brain organoid was generated to increase neurogenesis for electrophysiological signal enhancement and connected with multi-motor neuron spheroid in hydrogel ring to confirm the electrophysiological signal transfer. Finally, the human motor system-based biohybrid robot with swimming motion was developed through the connection of the brain organoid with muscle bundle using the MXene NSs-incorporated multi-motor neuron spheroid in hydrogel ring. Based on the results of swimming motion of the biohybrid robot, the developed human motor system-based biohybrid robot confirmed the effects of the neurotransmitter on brain organoid for muscle contraction.