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보디빌딩을 통한 신체조형의 총체적 의미 분석

Bodybuilding as a vehicle for mental and social formidability

  • 현홍주 (Hyeon, Hong Joo, 서강대학교 교육대학원)

초록/요약

본 연구의 목적은 보디빌딩을 통해 신체를 조형함으로서 경험하는 삶의 변화를 내러티브 연구를 통해 총체적으로 탐색하고 고찰하는데 있다. 본 연구는 유목적 표집법을 통해 연구 참여자를 선정하였다. 자료수집의 방법으로는 인적정보 설문지를 통한 심층면담과 문헌연구를 진행하였다. 모든 심층 면담 내용은 녹음 후 전사하였다. 전사 자료와 문헌연구에 근거하여 자료 분석을 실시하였고, 이를 바탕으로 연구 텍스트를 구성하였다. 연구 참여자들의 이야기를 통하여 <운동 시작 이전의 삶>, <시작과 계기>, <초기 혼란>, <진지한 여가로서의 보디빌딩 몰입>, <일상과의 공존과 균형, 변화된 삶>으로 서사적 재구성을 하였다. 위와 같은 방법을 거쳐 다음과 같은 연구결과를 도출하였다.   첫째, <운동 시작 이전의 삶> 단계에서 체형욕구의 중요성을 확인할 수 있었다. 연구 참여자들을 공통적으로 성장기에 육체미에 대한 가치관의 변화를 경험하였다. 이 과정에서 남성미를 갖춘 몸에 대해 열망했다. 남성미를 가진 육체에 대한 열망과 현실과의 괴리라는 '체형 욕구'로부터 보디빌딩 시작의 동기가 촉발되었다.   둘째, <시작과 계기> 단계에서 연구 참여자들은 남성미를 가진 롤모델과 접하거나, 시간적 여유가 생기면서 보디빌딩을 시작했다. 모든 연구 참여자들은 남성미를 가진 몸의 기준으로 '자연미'를 언급했다. 이는 앞서 연구자가 보디빌딩의 목적은 아름다운 몸을 만드는 것이고, 이를 구성하는 핵심적인 요소가 자연미임을 언급했던 사실을 뒷받침한다. 초기 시작 단계에서 연구 참여자들은 멋진 몸을 가진 사람과 마주했을 때 열등감을 느꼈으며, 열등감으로부터 보디빌딩 시작과 지속의 동기를 얻었다고 언급했다.   셋째, <초기 혼란> 단계에서 연구 참여자들은 공통적으로 자신의 운동 방법에 대한 확신이 없었기 때문에 불안감을 느꼈다. 근신경계와 근육이 발달하지 않았기 때문에 운동을 통해 근육의 자극을 느끼지 못했으며, 운동 과정에 몰입하지 못하고, 운동에 재미도 느끼지 못했다. 그럼에도 불구하고 연구 참여자들은 오기로 버티며 꾸준히 운동을 지속했다.   넷째, <진지한 여가로서의 보디빌딩 몰입> 단계에서 연구 참여자들은 공통적으로 근신경계와 근육이 점차 발달함에 따라 운동을 통해 근육의 자극을 느낄 수 있었고, 운동 과정에 몰입할 수 있었다. 모든 연구 참여자들은 운동 몰입의 방해요소로서 휴대폰을 언급하였다. 모든 연구 참여자들은 보디빌딩이 매력적인 이유로 보디빌딩이 노력한 만큼 성과가 나오는 정직한 운동이기 때문임을 강조하였다. 연구 참여자들은 몸이 변화함에 따라 보디빌딩이 삶에서 차지하는 비중이 커졌으며, 높은 우선순위를 차지하게 되었다고 언급했다. 이 과정에서 연구 참여자들은 운동과 식단에 대한 강박, 의무감, 완벽주의를 가지게 되었다. 연구 참여자들은 보디빌딩의 우선순위가 높아지는 과정에서 일상과의 충돌을 경험했으며, 인간관계의 상실로부터 외로움을 경험했다.   다섯째, <일상과의 공존과 균형, 변화된 삶> 단계에서 연구 참여자들은 보디빌딩과 일상의 충돌을 통해 경험한 외로움을 극복하기 위해, 보디빌딩과 일상과의 공존과 균형을 찾고자 노력하였다. 연구 참여자들은 보디빌딩을 통해 체중이 20kg이상 증가하였으며, 연구 참여자 B는 생활 체력의 증진에 대해 언급했다. 연구 참여자들은 공통적으로 보디빌딩을 통해 신체적 자기개념의 긍정적 변화를 경험하였다. 보디빌딩에 참여하는 과정을 '수련'에 비유했으며, 금욕적 수련을 통해 인내심이 향상되었다고 언급했다. 또한 보디빌딩 참여 과정에서 경험하는 계획-실행-완수의 반복적 체험을 통해 스스로의 삶을 설계하고 통제할 수 있다는 믿음과 신념을 얻었다고 밝혔다. 연구 참여자들은 보디빌딩을 통해 변화한 몸에 대한 주변 사람들의 인정을 통해 자신감이 상승하였으며, 자신감과 자존감의 상승은 인간관계 형성이라는 사회적 측면에 있어 긍정적인 변화를 일으켰다고 밝혔다. 연구 참여자 A와 B는 다수의 단체모임보다 소수의 모임을 선호하게 되었다고 밝혔다. 모든 연구 참여자들은 이성과 대면하는 상황에서 자신감을 가지게 되었고, 보다 긍정적이고 적극적으로 변했다고 밝혔다. 하지만 연구 참여자 A와 B는 연인 관계를 유지하는 상황에서 보디빌딩에 대한 몰입이 연인 관계에 부정적 영향을 끼칠 수 있다는 점을 언급했다. 덧붙여, 연구 참여자 A는 남성미를 가진 신체를 통해 자신의 연인을 더 잘 보호하고, 보호받는 느낌을 줄 수 있게 되었다고 언급했다. 이는 Coya et al(2014)의 연구 결과를 뒷받침한다. 모든 연구 참여자들은 보디빌딩을 통해 삶이 보다 긍정적으로 변화했고, 큰 만족감을 느꼈다고 밝혔다.    본 연구의 결과는 진지한 여가로서 보디빌딩에 몰입하는 사람들이 경험한 신체적 변화와 이를 통해 촉발된 심리적, 사회적 그리고 삶의 변화를 보다 생생하게 이해할 수 있도록 돕기 위한 자료를 제공한다. 본 연구의 결과는 연구 참여자들이 보디빌딩 몰입의 과정에서 경험하는 삶의 변화와 보디빌딩을 통한 신체 조형과 이로부터 촉발된 삶의 변화를 총체적으로 이해하는데 기여할 것으로 생각된다.

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초록/요약

The purpose of this study is to comprehensively explore and consider the changes in life experienced by bodybuilding through narrative research. The participants of this study were selected through the purposeful sampling method. In-depth interviews and literature research were conducted as methods of data collection. All in-depth interviews were transcribed after recording. Data analysis was performed based on transcriptional data and literature research, and the research text was constructed based on data analysis. Through the stories of the study participants, the narrative was reconstructed into <Life before the start of bodybuilding>, <Opportunity and Start>, <Confusion in the early stage>, <Bodybuilding as a serious leisure>, <Coexistence and balance with daily life>. Through the above method, the following research results were derived. First of all, it was possible to confirm the importance of desire for physique in the <Life before the start of bodybuilding> stage. The study participants commonly experienced changes in their values of physical beauty during the growing up period. In the process, they longed for a body with masculine beauty. The motivation to start bodybuilding was triggered by the desire for masculine physique, which was divorced from reality. Second, in the <Opportunity and Start> stage, the study participants started bodybuilding when they encountered a masculine role model or had time to spare. They mentioned ‘X-frame’ as the standard for a body with masculine beauty. This supports the fact that the researcher mentioned that the purpose of bodybuilding is to create a beautiful body, and the core element of a beautiful body is X-frame. In the initial stage, they stated that they felt inferiority when faced with a person with a great body, and that the feeling of inferiority motivated them to start and continue bodybuilding. Third, in the <Confusion in the early stage> stage, the study participants felt anxiety because they were not sure whether their exercise method was right. Because the neuromuscular system and muscles were not developed, they could not feel the stimulation of the muscles and immerse themselves during workouts, and they did not feel any enjoyment in the exercise. Nevertheless, they persevered and continued to bodybuilding. Fourth, in the <Bodybuilding as a serious leisure> stage, as the neuromuscular system and muscles gradually developed, all study participants were able to feel the stimulation of the muscles and to immerse themselves during workouts. They mentioned mobile phones as an obstacle to exercise immersion. They emphasized that bodybuilding is attractive because it is an honest exercise that pays off as much as you put in the effort. They noted that as their bodies changed, bodybuilding became an increasingly important part of their lives and became a high priority. In this process, they have an obsession and perfectionism about exercise and diet. When their daily life conflict with bodybuilding life, they felt loneliness from the loss of human relationships. Fifth, in the <Coexistence and balance with daily life> stage, the study participants tried to find the coexistence and balance between bodybuilding and daily life in order to overcome the loneliness. All study participants gained more than 20kg of body weight through bodybuilding, and study participant B mentioned the improvement of living fitness. They commonly experienced positive changes in their physical self-concept through bodybuilding. They compared ‘the process of participating in bodybuilding’ to ‘training of the mind’ and mentioned that their self-perseverance improved through abstinent training. They also gained the belief that they could plan and control their own life through the iterative process of ‘Planning-Executing-Completing’ in the process of participating in bodybuilding. They revealed that their confidence increased through the recognition of the body changed through bodybuilding, and that the increase in confidence and self-esteem caused positive changes in the social aspect of forming human relationships. They reported that they became more confident in the face-to-face situation with the opposite sex and became more positive and active. However, study participants A and B mentioned that immersion in bodybuilding can have a negative effect in the context of maintaining a romantic relationship. In addition, study participant A mentioned that a masculine body helped him better protect his lover and made his lover protected. This supports the findings of Coya et al (2014). All study participants reported that their life had more positively changed and they felt great satisfaction to life through bodybuilding. The results of this study provide data to help people who are immersed in bodybuilding as a serious leisure more vividly understand to their psychological, social, and life changes triggered by physical changes. The results of this study are thought to contribute to a holistic understanding of changes in life triggered by bodybuilding.

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