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북송의 "친시장 반자본" 경향과 토지정의

The Northern Song Dynasty's "Pro-market and Anti-capital (ism)" Tendency and The Justice of Land

초록/요약

At the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, the policy of " No Inhibitory Annexation " (allowing land trading) was implemented. Existing opinions once believed that the Song Dynasty’s land Annexation was very serious, allowing land to be bought and sold easily led to "the weak and the strong eating", which would lead to a large number of land Annexation. However, as the data on the proportion of land occupied during the Northern Song Dynasty was discovered, the number of "zhuhu(estate holding households)", that is, farmers who owned land, increased more than "kehu", that is, tenant farmers who did not have land. This information challenges the existing views. It is unreasonable to jump to conclusions about whether the land annexation phenomenon was very serious during the Song Dynasty. More evidence is needed to test it. Therefore, the recent school of land studies began to question the claims of the existing schools and gradually became the mainstream. However, the increase in the number of "zhuhu" also raises a new question: "Why is it different from the existing claims that the number of farmers who owned land in the Northern Song Dynasty increased?". In this regard, this paper analyzes from a new perspective of the "pro-market and anti-capital (ism)" tendency of the Northern Song Dynasty. The definition of "pro-market, anti-capital" tendency was investigated based on the research results of David Graeber and Jong chul Kim.

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초록/요약

송나라 시대 “불억겸병(토지의 시장거래를 억제하지 않았다)” 정책을 시행했다. 기존 연구에서는 이로 인해 송나라 시대의 토지겸병이 심각했다고 판단했다. 그러나 북송 시대 토지 소유 비율 자료를 통해 땅을 가진 농민인 “주호” 들이 땅이 없는 소작농인 “객호”보다 오히려 많아졌다는 것을 확인할 수 있었기 때문에 송나라 시대의 토지 겸병이 심각하다는 기존 주장을 재검토할 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서는 특히 주호의 증가 원인에 집중하여 북송의 “친시장 반자본” 경향이라는 새로운 각도에서 분석하고자 한다. 북송은 소작농들의 신체적 자유와 작은 단위의 토지 거래를 허용하여 객호들의 토지 소유를 장려하였다. 또한, 북송에서는 신용사회의 발전으로 인해 화폐의 부채청산기능을 약화시키고 무제한적 재산권을 억제함으로써 자본가들의 축적을 막은 효과가 있었다. 이러한 조치들은 북송의 주호 증가의 중요한 원인이었다.

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