서강대학교

초록/요약

This study understands the subway, which is representative of urban transportation, as 'a subject production dispositif’ that regulates and controls human conduct. This view is based on Foucault’s idea that the subject is constructed spatially. Foucault believed that the spatial arrangement from the process of managing and guiding people's way of live was variable depending on the governmentality of each period. According to Foucault, those who are domesticated by spatial order internalize the rules of the society and operate self-surveillance. This study examines subway space from a gender perspective, which is accomplished by auto-eathnography premised on the insights of Walter Benjamin and Luce Irigaray. In other words, a researcher with a female identity examines ‘spatial dispositif effect' on the surface of the space and carry out a task to reveal the ‘biopower effect’ of microscopic dispositifs that comprise the space by walking through the subway. In the 1960~70s, a new transportation as a means of accommodating a large amount of workforce was created as a part of the modernization and industralization of the Korean society. The subway in Seoul, which was created in 1976 by a national project, has become a representative transportation system, with a time schedule reflecting modern labor hours, a brief interval of time, a low fare system, and mass transport capacity and without congestion. The subway was invented to take the workforce to the production spot, but it was also arranged along with the structural changes of capitalism in Korean society. At the same time, the subway operates biopower that disciplines the behavior and awareness of passengers through spatial layout and power of surveillance. The arrangement of the subway space has prompted users not only to familiarize themselves with certain flow of the way, but also to stimulate the senses of order. The safety signs affixed inside the space and announcement have produced awareness of safety and a more mature sense of citizenship to care for others. The Modern order formed in the subway space is neither natural nor imposed by the government power, but is produced by passengers through disciplining themselves on behalf of industrial efficiency and their own safety. The number of female subway users has increased based on the changes in social structure such as the influx of women to labor market, more economic independence, and the development of the service industry. Although the subway space was intended for adult men without disabilities, but changed in a physical sense with the increase in female users. Since the subway space has been captured by capitalism, it also led women to become a subject of consumption. The subway dipositif such as women-only subway rooms, emergency bells, and babyfeeding rooms, has located women in a patriarchal society order continuously. Women subjects are to internalize not only modern and industrial order, but also patriarchal order. This study understands the space from Foucault's perspective that the behavior of subject is adjusted according to the arrangements of space. Examining Seoul subway space, this study conclude that the subway produced orderly and mature citizen, shaping the experiences of women subjects fit for patriarchal ㅡ In the subway, women consciously and unconsciously follow patriarchal order. This study finds significance of the subway which has played the role of modernization of time and life.